optic neuropathy การใช้

• Optic neuropathies that are acquired can be the result of several processes.
• Acute exposure by inhalation has resulted in optic neuropathy and hepatitis.
• Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy ( AION ) is a potential complication.
• Since 2007 there is evidence that PDE5 inhibitors can cause an anterior optic neuropathy.
• However, a normal study does not rule out optic neuropathy.
• But beginning in 1986, medical studies linked amiodarone with vision loss and optic neuropathy.
• ANA, indicative of autoimmune optic neuropathy, is also generally negative.
• Mutations in the MT-ND1, MT-ND4, MT-ND4L, and MT-ND6 genes cause Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.
• The most common etiology is multiple sclerosis or ischemic optic neuropathy ( Blood Clot ).
• In ischemic optic neuropathies, there is insufficient blood flow ( ischemia ) to the optic nerve.
• Wolff Parkinson White syndrome is sometimes associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, a form of mitochondrial disease.
• Given its rarity, the optimal treatment for acute optic neuropathy in Beh鏴t's disease has not been established.
• Approximately 1-2 % of patients with defined SLE develop an optic neuropathy during the course of their disease.
• The operation, called optic nerve decompression surgery, is meant to treat nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, or NAION.
• Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy ( LHON ) correlates with a mutation in the MT-ND4 gene in multiple families.
• This is manifested by a progressive exophthalmos, a restrictive myopathy that restricts eye movements and an optic neuropathy.
• Variants of MT-ND4L are associated with increased BMI in adults and Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ( LHON ).
• When these symptoms occur with concurrent mucocutaneous ulcerations, they raise suspicion of acute optic neuropathy in Beh鏴t's Disease.
• However, cases of acute optic neuropathy ( specifically anterior ischemic optic neuropathy ) have also been reported to occur.
• In 76 % of cases involving the eye, the ophthalmic artery is involved causing arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.